ABSTRACT
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed disorders of childhood (3-5%). The main characteristics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. 'The Objective of this study was to study prevalence of ADHD in school aged children.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive school-based study was conducted in a private school of Udaipur from January 2017 to September 2018.' All eligible students were included. Total 1200 students were enrolled. They were assessed for the presence of ADHD using INCLEN diagnostic tool and those found positive were further assessed for the presence of co-morbid conditions using child behavior checklist (CBCL).Results: In present study out of total 1200 students 730(60.83%) were male and 470(39.17%) were female. 76 (6.3%) students out of 1200 were ADHD Positive. ADHD was more common in male students (73.7%), urban locality (57.89%), in age group 6 to 9 years (44.7%) and higher economic class (46.1%). Hyperactivity-Impulsivity type was most common type (51.32%). Male students had predominance of hyperactivity (60.7%) whereas in female student's inattention type was predominant (45%). Aggressive Behavior (19.6%) and rule breaking behavior (80.4%) was more common in male. Somatic complaints were more common in females (60%). Oppositional defiant disorder was observed in male (21.4%) and female (10%) students. 15.8% of ADHD students had learning disorder.Conclusions: Present study shows 6.3% prevalence of ADHD. Hyperactivity type of ADHD was more common in boys, while Inattention type was more common in girls. Among associated co morbid conditions - aggressive behavior, rule breaking behavior and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) was found to be more prevalent in boys while anxious behavior, somatic complaints and social problems were more commonly found in girls. Thought problems, learning disorders and conduct disorders are also observed in ADHD students.
ABSTRACT
Background: Status epilepticus is a major medical and neurological emergency. Despite advances in treatment, it is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of levetiracetam versus phenytoin in treatment of convulsive status epilepticus.Methods: A Randomized control trial, was conducted at tertiary care hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, over a period of March 2017 to September 2018. Total 250 patients (age group 6 months to 18 years) who were presented with status epilepticus in PICU, were enrolled. These patients were divided into two groups by simple randomization. Levetiracetam was given to one group, while phenytoin was given to another group. Efficacy was decided by cessation of clinical seizure activity within 30 minutes of starting of drug infusion and patient was observed for recurrence of seizure within 24 hours.Results: A total of 250 patients were enrolled in this study. Seizure terminated in 107 patients in phenytoin group (85.6%) and in 114 patients in levetiracetam group (91.2%). The difference was significant. Recurrence of seizure (with in 24 hour) was high in phenytoin group (14.4%) in comparison with levetiracetam group (8.8%). Most common adverse effect in both the groups on treatment was hypotension, though in phenytoin group it was significantly higher than patients on levetiracetam group (7.2% v/v 2.4%).Conclusions: Levetiracetam may be an effective alternative to phenytoin as a second line drug in the management of benzodiazepine resistant convulsive status epilepticus in children.
ABSTRACT
We conducted this cross-sectional study in the schools of Sirohi district having predominately tribal (Garasia) children. Prevalence of stunting was 44% and 46.9% among boys 1255 and 762 girls aged 5-16, respectively using NCHS reference. Prevalence of thinness was higher among boys (69.7%) than girls (59.3%).